[Gluster-devel] bit rot support for glusterfs design draft v0.1

Tue Jan 28 05:13:13 UTC 2014

On 28 January 2014 03:48, Paul Cuzner <pcuzner at redhat.com> wrote:
>
>
> ________________________________
>
> From: "shishir gowda" <gowda.shishir at gmail.com>
> To: gluster-devel at nongnu.org
> Sent: Monday, 27 January, 2014 6:30:13 PM
> Subject: [Gluster-devel] bit rot support for glusterfs design draft v0.1
>
>
> Hi All,
>
> Please find the updated bit-rot design for glusterfs volumes.
>
> Thanks to Vijay Bellur for his valuable inputs in the design.
>
> Phase 1: File level bit rot detection
>
> The initial approach is to achieve bit rot detection at file level,
> where checksum is computed for a complete file, and checked during
> access.
>
> A single daemon(say BitD) per node will be responsible for all the
> bricks of the node. This daemon, will be registered to the gluster
> management daemon, and any graph changes
> (add-brick/remove-brick/replace-brick/stop bit-rot) will be handles
> accordingly. This BitD will register with changelog xlator of all the
> bricks for the node, and process changes from them.
>
>
> Doesn't having a single daemon for all bricks, instead of a per brick 'bitd'
> introduce the potential of a performance bottleneck?
>
>
Most of the current gluster related daemons work in this mode
(nfs/selfheal/quota). Additionally, if we introduce 1:1 mapping
between a brick and bitd, then managing these daemons will be bring in
their own over heads.

> Change log xlator, would give the list of files (in terms of gfid)
> which have changed during a defined interval. Checksum's would have to
> be computed for these based on either fd close() call for non NFS
> access, or every write for anonymous fd access (NFS). The computed
> checksum in addition to the timestamp of the computation would be
> saved as a extended-attribute (xattr) of the file. By using change-log
> xlators, we would prevent periodic scans of the bricks, to identify
> the files whose checksums need to be updated.
>
>
> Using the changelog is a great idea, but I'd also see a requirement for an
> admin initiated full scan at least when bringing existing volumes under bitd
> control.
>

Sorry, failed to mention it. Once bitrot is turned on, a full scan of
each bricks are started.

> Also, what's the flow if the xattr is unreadable, due to bit rot. In btrfs
> meta data is typically mirrored.
>

Currently, if xattr is unreadable, we would treat it as a failure from
the brick end. If the volume
is replicated, then other brick might be able to serve the file

>
> Upon access (open for non-anonymous-fd calls, every read for
> anonymous-fd calls) from any clients, the bit rot detection xlator
> loaded ontop of the bricks, would recompute the checksum of the file,
> and allow the calls to proceed if they match, or fail them if they
> mis-match. This introduces extra workload for NFS workloads, and for
> large files which require read of the complete file to recompute the
> checksum(we try to solve this in phase-2).
>
> every read..? That's sounds like such an overhead, admins would just turn it
> off.
>

NFS does not send open calls, and sends read calls directly on
anonymous fd's. On such occasions, for anonymousfd reads, we will have
to do checksum for every read. This one of the reasons why in phase 2
we want block level checksum to prevent read of the complete file for
any read.

> I assume failing a read due to checksum inconsistency in a replicated volume
> would trigger one of the other replica's to be used, so the issue is
> transparent to the end user/application.
>
>
That is the expected behaviour.

>
> Since a data write happens first, followed by a delayed checksum
> compute, there is a time frame where we might have data updated, but
> checksums yet to be computed. We should allow the access of such files
> if the file timestamps (mtime) has changed, and is within a defined
> range from the current time.
>
> Additionally, we could/should have the ability to switch of checksum
> compute from glusterfs perspective, if the underlying FS
> exposes/implements bit-rot detection(btrfs).
>
> +1 Why re-invent the wheel!
>
>
> Phase 2: Block-level(User space/defined) bit rot detection and correction.
>
> The eventual aim is to be able to heal/correct bit rots in files. To
> achieve this, computing checksum at a more fine grain level like a
> block (size limited by the bit rot algorithm), so that we not only
> detect bit rots, but also have the ability to restore them.
> Additionally, for large files, checking the checksums at block level
> is more efficient, rather than recompute the checksum of the whole
> file for a an access.
>
>
> In this phase, we could move the checksum computation phase to the
> xlator loaded on-top of the posix translator at each bricks. with
> every write, we could compute the checksum, and store the checksum and
> continue with the write or vice versa. Every access would also be able
> to read/compute the checksum of the requested block, check it with the
> save checksum of the block, and act accordingly. This would take away
> the dependency on the external BitD, and changelog xlator.
>
> Additionally, using a Error-correcting code(ECC) or
> Forward-error-correction(FEC) alogrithm, would enable us the correct
> few bits in the block which have gone corrupt. And compute of the
> complete files checksum is eliminated, as we are dealing with blocks
> of defined size.
>
> We require the ability to store these fine-grained checksums
> efficiently, and extended attributes would not scale for this
> implementation. Either a custom backed store, or a DB would be
> preferrable in this instance.
>
> so if there is a per 'block' checksum, won't our capacity overheads increase
> to store the extra meta data, ontop of our existing replication/raid
> overhead?
>

That is true. But, we need to address bit rot at brick level.

> Where does Xavi's disperse volume fit into this? Would an Erasure Coded
> volume lend itself easier to those use cases (cold data) where bit rot is
> key consideration?
>
> If so, would a more simple bit rot strategy for gluster be
> 1) disperse volume
> 2) btrfs checksums + plumbing to trigger heal when scrub detects a problem
>
> I like simple :)
>
>
We haven't explored dispers/ or any other cluster xlators impact. The
idea here is irrespective of the clustering mechanisms, bit rot is
at the brick level and independent. So, in the future if the volume
type changes, bit rot can still exist.

btrfs bypass will be provided, but it wont be the only backend. So,
gluster has to do its own bitrot detection and correction when
possible.

>
> Please feel free to comment/critique.
>
> With regards,
> Shishir
>
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